Thursday, May 15, 2014

Middah Keneged Middah: A Drash for Parashat Bechukotai Friday, 16 May 2014

There is no question that there are passages in the Torah which are especially challenging to us for various reasons.  Some are challenging because we might see their content as irrelevant to us.  For example, the latter parts of the book of Exodus, and much of the book of Leviticus.  There we find many passages, which detail the specifications of the Tabernacle, its furnishings, the priests’ vestments, and their duties.  These features of Jewish life went away with the destruction of the Second Temple.  They have nothing to do with our current practice.  To relate to them in our day and age, can be a challenge.
          Some passages are challenging because they reflect practices, or taboos against practices that do not go along with the sensibilities of our day and age.  One example is capital punishment.  We like to think of our turning away from the death penalty, at least in this and many other Western countries, as a turning toward a more enlightened era of criminology without a vengeful element.  That the death penalty is prescribed, at least in the Written Torah, is challenging.  It makes us think of the Torah as reflecting an outdated sensibility.
          Finally, some passages are challenging because they reflect a Divine Justice that is uncomfortable to us.  For centuries, our Christian neighbours have been asserting that the God presented in the Jewish scriptures, or the Old Testament as they call it, is a God of severe judgement.  This, in contrast to the ‘God of Mercy” reflected in the Christian New Testament.  Many Jews who are not learned in our scriptures have internalised this message.  When we come across a passage reflecting a God of judgement, we judge it against this contrast and it makes us uneasy.  What if the Christians are correct?  Here is scriptural evidence of their claim, yes?
Our Torah reading this week is one of those difficult readings of the third category.  The passage we will read and examine tomorrow, from the 26th chapter of Leviticus, tells us the fate that awaits us if we disobey God.  In graphic detail, it paints a picture of the sorry state of desolation that awaits us if we turn away from God.
If the desolate picture did not ring true, it would make the passage challenging in an entirely different way.  It would call into question the text’s truth and therefore its claim to Divine inspiration.  But the problem is that, if we read it with open eyes and an open mind, it is difficult to refute that the curses predicted therein have largely come to pass.  To read the predictions in the 26th chapter of Leviticus is to read a fairly accurate account of Jewish history.  When we look at it in this way, we are guaranteed to be uneasy about it.  Because it indicts us in the most certain terms.  Both our ancestors and us.
It is natural to be repelled by the message of this chapter of Torah.  We don’t like to hear when we’ve erred and gone astray.  Since the 1960’s we have been living under the illusion that we’re just fine – we just sometimes lack skills to rise to our potential.  Remember the 1960’s book, I’m Okay, You’re Okay by Thomas Harris?  It was a runaway best seller and remains one of the best-selling ‘self-help’ books of all time.  Its message is that there is nothing essentially wrong with any of us.  Rather, the difficulties we have in relationships stems from our lack understanding of the roles that we assume, and in which we place others, that affect the social transaction.  This thinking is called Transactional Analysis, or TA.  Remember it?  Most of us forgot the terminology a long time ago.  Yet the mindset still haunts – and flaws – our thinking today.
If we’re all essentially okay, then we just need to tweak our processes in order to successfully live as people, as Jews, and as a Jewish people.  But if we’re not essentially okay, then what we need is markedly different.  Then we need to do some serious self-searching – both individually and as a Jewish people – to intuit where we’ve gone wrong and how to make it right.  And that process is not calculated to make us comfortable.  But comfort is not the point.
Our own worthiness aside, we’re still stuck with the dilemma I identified a moment ago:  the problem of the God of Severe Judgement.  Even iff we’re ready to admit that we’ve gone seriously astray we’re still stuck with the notion of a God whose justice overpowers His mercy.  Or maybe not.
Because we have successfully internalised the notion of I’m okay you’re okay, we’ve lost sight of the truth of Middah keneged middah.  This is the Jewish answer to ‘karma.’  It translates:  measure for measure.  It tells us that for every action, there’s a re-action.  An entirely predictable reaction.  Of course we’re aware of this truth in science.  But we forget that it is a law in the moral universe as well.  We go through our lives acting out, completely forgetting that everything we do resonates somewhere, somehow, with someone.  Why do we forget this principle?  Perhaps we want to forget it.  Or perhaps we have become so self-absorbed, that we simply cannot comprehend it.
I think that the latter is the problem.  In helping others through interpersonal issues, I’m struck by how the preponderance of these are caused by fuzzy or non-existent boundaries.  That is, we have a hard time determining where our own person ends and someone else’s begins.  Because of this, we plough through relationships, blind to how we try to impose our will on others, blind to how we fail to respect others’ wills.  We act out as if we were entirely autonomous, where we are not autonomous at all.  We behave in ways that can be entirely predicted to alienate others, and yet we act surprised when we do.
In our siddur there is a lovely reading that expresses the ideal of Shabbat in contrast to the work week.  It informs us how we aught to approach life differently on Shabbat.
There are days when we seek things for ourselves and measure failure by what we did not gain.  On Shabbat, we seek not to acquire but to share.  There are days when we exploit nature as if it were a horn of plenty that can never be exhausted.  On Shabbat, we stand in wonder before the mystery of creation.  There are days when we act as if we cared nothing for the rights of others.  On Shabbat, we remember that justice is our duty and a better world our goal.  So we embrace Shabbat:  day of rest, day of wonder, day of peace.

It’s a lovely sentiment and, if we learn to do it, then Shabbat will stand out as a different sort of day, a day when we can relax and acknowledge one another in joy.  But unsaid in the reading is the hope that, once we have learned to fence off Shabbat in this way, the mindset will infuse the way we live the rest of the week.  That the Shabbat Way will, as it were, infect our ways all week.  Then, Shabbat will truly be a taste of the World to Come.  And in the way we will live all the time, we will have achieved the World to Come.  Ken yehi ratzon…may this be God’s will.

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